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1975年2月4日在中国辽宁省南部发生的海城7.3级地震,是该区有史以来最大的地震。这次地震作了较成功的预报,并采取了某些预防措施,使地震灾害大大减轻,人员伤亡大大减少。本文在“地震区域背景、地震参数及灾害情况”一节中指出了地震所处的活动构造背景、地震情况、震区的社会经济状况、人口密度以及灾害损失。在“震前对策”一节中说明,确定地震危险区后,如何组织监测、预报系统,怎样发布预报和采取防震措施。在“震时应急对策”一节中阐明,如何对待这种突然事件的发生,争取时间自救、互救,减少人员伤亡。最后三节概述了震后早期、震后晚期的抗震救灾对策,以及海城地震预报、预防所取得的社会经济效益。
February 4, 1975 in the southern Liaoning Province of China Haicheng magnitude 7.3 earthquake is the history of the region’s largest earthquake. The quake made a more successful prediction and took some preventive measures to greatly reduce the earthquake disaster and greatly reduce casualties. This paper points out the tectonic setting, the earthquake situation, the socio-economic conditions, the population density and the disaster losses of the earthquake area in the section “Background of Seismic Areas, Seismic Parameters and Disasters”. In the “Pre-earthquake Measures” section, how to organize the monitoring and forecasting system, how to release the forecast and how to take the earthquake-proof measures after the earthquake danger zone is determined? In the section “Emergency Measures in a Time of Shock”, we show how to treat such a sudden event and try to save time, help each other and reduce casualties. The last three sections give an overview of the earthquake relief measures in the early and post-earthquake and the social and economic benefits of Haicheng earthquake prediction and prevention.