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划分阶级成分是中国共产党在长期土地革命实践中形成的重要政治传统。这一政治传统的最初形态可以追溯到1933—1934年间中央苏区的查田运动。在这场运动中,以经济因素为标准的阶级成分划分开始在革命中得以大范围实践,同强调情绪性和斗争性的社会动员一并构成“查阶级”的重要内容。基于查田运动的这一制度史意义,本文对查田运动得以发轫的社会历史场域进行了历史社会学意义上的再考察。本文将中共党史、革命史与地方社会史结合在一起,综合运用文件档案、方志谱牒、回忆材料、报刊杂志等多种史料,通过对瑞金地区苏区时期革命史的重新解读,揭示查田运动得以发轫的社会与政治场域,由此呈现出宏观意识形态、现实斗争形势与地方社会之间的复杂关系;并由此进一步理解中国共产党政权在独立掌握武装和建政初期,将“革命”落实到地方社会时所面临的一系列局限与困境。
The division of class components is an important political tradition formed by the Chinese Communist Party in the long-term practice of agrarian revolution. The initial form of this political tradition dates back to the Zhatian movement in the Central Soviet Area from 1933 to 1934. In this movement, the classification of the class components based on the economic factors began to be widely practiced in the revolution. Together with the social mobilization that emphasizes the emotional and the struggle, they form an important part of the “investigation class.” Based on the historical significance of the system of investigating the Tian movement, this article makes a reexamination of the historical and sociological significance of the social and historical fields in which the Zhatian movement has developed. This article combines the history of the CPC, the history of revolution and the history of the local society. By comprehensively using many historical documents such as file and file, local records, memory materials, newspapers and periodicals and so on, through the reinterpretation of revolutionary history in Ruijin during Soviet Period, This shows a complicated relationship between the macro-ideology and the real situation of struggle and the local society. From this, we can further understand that in the initial stage of independent armed control and the establishment of the political system, the “Communist Party of China ”To implement a series of local social constraints and difficulties.