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以我国不同水蚀区典型生态试验站实测资料为基础,研究了西北黄土区、南方红壤区、西南石漠化区及北方土石山区植被恢复措施对土壤保育的作用。结果表明,各个区域内林草地与耕地相比可以显著增加土壤中>0.25mm水稳性团粒含量、土壤空隙度并降低土壤容重,且林地恢复时间越长,对土壤结构改善的作用越明显。土壤中有机质和全氮含量也有类似规律。但不同区域内气候、土壤母质、植被类型等因素存在差异,使得各区域内植被恢复对土壤结构及肥力的改良效果存在差异。与对照样地相比,各类型区植被措施下的土壤中的全磷和全钾含量没有明显一致性变化规律,主要原因在于天然土壤中有机质和氮素最主要来源是植被凋落物,磷和钾主要与土壤类型、土壤形成母质等因素有关。
Based on the measured data of typical ecological experiment stations in different water erosion areas in China, the effects of the vegetation restoration measures on the soil conservation in the Northwest Loess Area, the southern red earth area, the southwest rocky desertification area and the northern rock-soil mountain area were studied. The results showed that grassland and grassland in each region could significantly increase> 0.25mm water stable aggregate content, soil porosity and soil bulk density, and the longer the restoration time, the more obvious the effect on soil structure improvement. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content also have similar rules. However, there are differences in climate, soil parent material, vegetation types and other factors in different regions so that there is a difference in the improvement effect of vegetation restoration on soil structure and fertility in each region. Compared with the control plots, the total phosphorus and total potassium content of soils in different types of vegetation did not change significantly. The main reason was that the main sources of organic matter and nitrogen in natural soils were vegetation litter, phosphorus and Potassium is mainly related to soil types, soil formation and other factors.