论文部分内容阅读
物质资料的生产是人类生存和社会发展的基础。抛开物质资料生产的社会形式,即抛开人们在物质资料生产过程中所结成的社会关系,物质资料的生产就只是人和自然之间的物质变换。人和自然之间的这种物质变换的能力就叫生产力,它是生产的自然关系。而人和自然之间的物质变换,又总是由人们的具体劳动引起、调整和控制,并通过人们的具体劳动实现的。所以,生产力就是劳动生产力,也就是人们通过具体劳动改变自然物使之采取适合人们需要的形态即产品形态的能力。正如马克思所说:“生产力当然始终是有用的具体的劳动的生产力”①,“在同一时间内创造出更多的产品”,就意味着“劳动的生产能力更大”。劳动生产力,按其产生的本源和途径,可分为劳动的社会生产力、劳动的技术生产力和劳动的自然生产力。劳动的社会生产力指的是由生产过程的社会结合即协作所产生的生产力。马克思说:
The production of material information is the basis of human existence and social development. To put aside the social form of the production of material information, that is to say, aside from the social relations that people form in the production of material information, the production of material information is merely a material transformation between man and nature. The ability of this material transformation between man and nature is called productivity, it is the natural relationship of production. The material transformation between human beings and nature is always caused, adjusted and controlled by people’s concrete work and achieved through people’s specific work. Therefore, productivity is the productivity of labor, that is, the ability of people to adopt natural forms and products that suit people’s needs through concrete work. As Marx put it: “Productivity, of course, has always been useful, productive labor.” “Creating more products at one time” means “more productive labor.” Labor productivity, according to its origins and ways, can be divided into social productivity of labor, labor, technical productivity and labor productivity. Social productivity of labor refers to the productivity that results from the social union or collaboration of the production process. Marx said: