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为了确保江西三熟制稻田的三熟高产和克服季节矛盾,在江西双季稻区进行套播油菜共生期试验,设置与水稻共生期分别为10天(D10)、5天(D5)、0天(D0,CK),调查油菜生长及产量形成,为研究稻田三熟制谷林套播油菜简化栽培技术提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)处理D5、D10与CK油菜成熟期基本一致,但油菜营养生长期分别延长5天和7天,有利于前期营养物质的累积,为最终取得高产奠定基础。(2)共生期延长有利于提高油菜出苗期密度,但其他生育期密度降幅随着共生期延长而增加,导致成苗率和成株率随着共生期延长而下降,成熟期处理D5密度最大、CK次之、D10最小,分别为42.35万株/hm2、40.02万株/hm2、36.68万株/hm2。(3)共生期影响着油菜各期生长状况和产量结构,延长共生期有利于油菜个体生长发育及单株产量形成,但群体产量以处理D5最大、D10次之、CK最小,分别为1564.12 kg/hm2、1430.72 kg/hm2、1402.37 kg/hm2,在单株产量不足的情况下,可以通过适当增加密度来弥补,从而提高群体产量。根据以上结果,建议本区域内稻田三熟制套播油菜共生期以5~10天为宜,5天为佳,在适宜范围内尽可能早播。
In order to ensure the high yield of three-cropping rice in Jiangxi Province and to overcome the seasonal contradiction, the inter-symbiotic experiment was conducted in the double cropping rice in Jiangxi Province. The symbiotic period with rice was 10 days (D10), 5 days (D5) Day (D0, CK) to investigate the rapeseed growth and yield formation, providing theoretical basis for studying the simplified cultivation techniques of paddy rapeseed paddy field. The results showed that: (1) The treatments of D5, D10 and CK were similar in maturity, but the vegetative growth stages of rapeseed were prolonged by 5 days and 7 days respectively, which was in favor of the accumulation of nutrients in early stage and laid the foundation for the high yield finally. (2) The prolongation of symbiotic period was beneficial to increase the seedling density of rapeseed, but the density densities of other growth stages increased with the prolongation of symbiosis period, which led to the decrease of seedling rate and adult plant rate with prolongation of symbiotic period. The density of D5 at maturity was the highest , Followed by CK and D10 the smallest, respectively 42.35 million / hm2 402.02 / hm2, 366,800 / hm2. (3) The symbiotic period affected the growth status and yield structure of rapeseed. Prolonging the symbiotic period was conducive to the individual growth and yield formation of rapeseed. However, the yield of D5 was the largest, D10 was the lowest, and the minimum CK was 1564.12 kg /hm2,1430.72 kg / hm2,1402.37 kg / hm2, in the case of insufficient production per plant, can be increased by appropriate increase in density, thereby increasing population output. Based on the above results, it is suggested that the rice-field rapeseed sowing rapeseed in this area should be 5 to 10 days symbiotic, 5 days better, and should be sowed as soon as possible within the appropriate range.