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关于合理人标准的适用,一直存在着坚持客观标准与考虑主观因素两方面的意见,司法实践表明,这两方面内容都是合理人标准的组成部分。但是长期以来没有一个系统的理论能够解释,究竟何时应当考虑行为人实际能力来确定对于他而言合理最优的选择,何时又应当对所有人都统一适用客观标准,这两者之间无疑存在内部张力。文章从霍尔姆斯对问题的展开入手,重点讨论经济效用理论和公平理论的分析模式,并分别指出其不足,最后提出现实可能的解决方法。
As to the application of the standard of reasonable man, there are always opinions on both adhering to objective criteria and considering subjective factors. Judicial practice shows that these two aspects are all part of the standard of reasonable man. However, no systematic theory has long been able to explain exactly when an individual’s actual ability should be considered in determining the most plausible choice for him and when the objective criteria should be uniformly applied to all, and between the two There is no doubt that there is internal tension. The article begins with Holmes’ s questions, focuses on the analysis modes of economic utility theory and fairness theory, and points out its shortcomings respectively. Finally, it puts forward realistic solutions.