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一、关系词引导的定语从句
定语从句中选择关系词的唯一依据是看关系词所代指的先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。而不是看先行词是什么词性。
1. 如果作主语或动词的宾语，则选用关系代词，如果作状语，则选择相应的关系副词。
例如：
① He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.
② He worked in the factory where his father had worked.
句①中先行词the factory在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which，句②中先行词the factory在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where。
2. 选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”
找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词（定语从句所修饰的词）和关系词（连接定语从句和先行词的词）。
还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以适当添词）
替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where， 原因状语用why）。
例如：
① This is the school I once studied.
② This is the school is the most famous in the city.
找：根据句意和句子结构，确定先行词为the school。需要填入的则是连接先行词和后面从句的关系词。
还原：根据先行词的提示，这两句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：
I once studied at the school.
The school is the most famous in the city.
（斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分）
替换：根据还原后的句意，句①中先行词the school在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where， 句②中先行词the school在定语从句中作主语，所以用which / that。
二、“介词 关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，应用“介词 关系代词”的结构，如果指人，用“介词 whom”；如果指物，用“介词 which”。介词后面的关系代词 which， whom 不能省略，也不能被that， who 代替。例如：
① Do you like the book for which I paid 20 dollars？
你喜欢我付了20美元买的那本书吗？
② Mr. Smith is a teacher from whom I have learnt a lot.
史密斯先生是一个让我从他身上学到好多东西的老师。
2. 在定语从句中，介词也可以放在定语从句的后面，此时作宾语的关系代词which， whom 可以被that 或者 who 替换，也可以省略。例如：
① Mr. Jason is a kind person with whom I talked just now.
= Mr. Jason is a kind person （whom / who） I talked with just now.
② The book in which I am interested is Harry Potter.
= The book （which / that） I am interested in is Harry Potter.
3.“介词 关系代词”中介词的选择
1） 根据定语从句中的动词或形容词与介词的搭配确定。
The West Lake， for which Hangzhou is famous， is worth visiting.
2） 根据先行词和介词的搭配来确定。
Tom lives in a big house in which there is a cherry tree.
3） 根据定语从句所表达的意思来确定。
Water， without which man cant live， has been seriously polluted.
4） 表示“所属关系”或“整体与部分”关系时，用介词of，形式通常为：名词、不定代词或数词 of which / whom.
I sent him a good book， the name of which is Gone with the Wind.
5） 当先行词是way且在从句中作状语时，用 in which 或 that 引导定语从句，通常 in which 或 that 可省略。
I dont like the way （that / in which） he spoke to his parents.
三、巩固练习
1. This is the house I lived when I was young.
A. whichB. that
C. in whichD. as
2. Jane is my best friend I borrowed an Apple Watch， and I have kept it for three weeks. A. from whichB. from whom
C. to whichD. to whom
3. The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in itB. in
C. in thatD. in which
4. Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？
A. thatB. what
C. howD. why
5. Is this the reason he was so careless in his work？
A. thatB. what
C. howD. why
6. The reason he didnt come was he was ill.
A. why； thatB. that； why
C. for that； thatD. for which； what
7. He lives in a village is not far from the city.
A. whichB. where
C. whatD. whose
8. He lives in the village he was born.
A. whichB. where
C. whatD. whose
9. In an hour， we travel to places could have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. whereB. when
C. whichD. what
10. In an hour， we travel to places we can relax and get refreshed.
A. whereB. when
C. whichD. what
11. Ill never forget the days we spent together.
A. thatB. /
C. whenD. A and B
12. I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A. asB. why
C. whenD. where
13. If we want to have a bright future， we must learn to act in ways do not do harm to other living things.
A. in whichB. /
C. howD. that
14. Is this the factory color TV sets are produced？
A. whenB. the one where
C. thatD. in which
15. Is this factory color TV sets are produced？
A. whichB. the one where
C. thatD. in which
参考答案
1—5 CBBAD6—10 AABCA11—15 DCDDB
（作者：殷华新，泰州市第三高级中学）
定语从句中选择关系词的唯一依据是看关系词所代指的先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。而不是看先行词是什么词性。
1. 如果作主语或动词的宾语，则选用关系代词，如果作状语，则选择相应的关系副词。
例如：
① He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.
② He worked in the factory where his father had worked.
句①中先行词the factory在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which，句②中先行词the factory在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where。
2. 选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”
找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词（定语从句所修饰的词）和关系词（连接定语从句和先行词的词）。
还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以适当添词）
替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where， 原因状语用why）。
例如：
① This is the school I once studied.
② This is the school is the most famous in the city.
找：根据句意和句子结构，确定先行词为the school。需要填入的则是连接先行词和后面从句的关系词。
还原：根据先行词的提示，这两句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：
I once studied at the school.
The school is the most famous in the city.
（斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分）
替换：根据还原后的句意，句①中先行词the school在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where， 句②中先行词the school在定语从句中作主语，所以用which / that。
二、“介词 关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，应用“介词 关系代词”的结构，如果指人，用“介词 whom”；如果指物，用“介词 which”。介词后面的关系代词 which， whom 不能省略，也不能被that， who 代替。例如：
① Do you like the book for which I paid 20 dollars？
你喜欢我付了20美元买的那本书吗？
② Mr. Smith is a teacher from whom I have learnt a lot.
史密斯先生是一个让我从他身上学到好多东西的老师。
2. 在定语从句中，介词也可以放在定语从句的后面，此时作宾语的关系代词which， whom 可以被that 或者 who 替换，也可以省略。例如：
① Mr. Jason is a kind person with whom I talked just now.
= Mr. Jason is a kind person （whom / who） I talked with just now.
② The book in which I am interested is Harry Potter.
= The book （which / that） I am interested in is Harry Potter.
3.“介词 关系代词”中介词的选择
1） 根据定语从句中的动词或形容词与介词的搭配确定。
The West Lake， for which Hangzhou is famous， is worth visiting.
2） 根据先行词和介词的搭配来确定。
Tom lives in a big house in which there is a cherry tree.
3） 根据定语从句所表达的意思来确定。
Water， without which man cant live， has been seriously polluted.
4） 表示“所属关系”或“整体与部分”关系时，用介词of，形式通常为：名词、不定代词或数词 of which / whom.
I sent him a good book， the name of which is Gone with the Wind.
5） 当先行词是way且在从句中作状语时，用 in which 或 that 引导定语从句，通常 in which 或 that 可省略。
I dont like the way （that / in which） he spoke to his parents.
三、巩固练习
1. This is the house I lived when I was young.
A. whichB. that
C. in whichD. as
2. Jane is my best friend I borrowed an Apple Watch， and I have kept it for three weeks. A. from whichB. from whom
C. to whichD. to whom
3. The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in itB. in
C. in thatD. in which
4. Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？
A. thatB. what
C. howD. why
5. Is this the reason he was so careless in his work？
A. thatB. what
C. howD. why
6. The reason he didnt come was he was ill.
A. why； thatB. that； why
C. for that； thatD. for which； what
7. He lives in a village is not far from the city.
A. whichB. where
C. whatD. whose
8. He lives in the village he was born.
A. whichB. where
C. whatD. whose
9. In an hour， we travel to places could have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. whereB. when
C. whichD. what
10. In an hour， we travel to places we can relax and get refreshed.
A. whereB. when
C. whichD. what
11. Ill never forget the days we spent together.
A. thatB. /
C. whenD. A and B
12. I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A. asB. why
C. whenD. where
13. If we want to have a bright future， we must learn to act in ways do not do harm to other living things.
A. in whichB. /
C. howD. that
14. Is this the factory color TV sets are produced？
A. whenB. the one where
C. thatD. in which
15. Is this factory color TV sets are produced？
A. whichB. the one where
C. thatD. in which
参考答案
1—5 CBBAD6—10 AABCA11—15 DCDDB
（作者：殷华新，泰州市第三高级中学）