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世界卫生组织推荐,纯母乳喂养的婴儿6月龄后需要添加辅助食品以满足其对营养素的需求。合理添加辅助食品对降低婴幼儿的发病率和死亡率,促进婴幼儿健康有着重要作用。本文综述了在辅助食品添加中特别受到关注的婴儿铁和锌的摄入和营养状况。一些来自婴儿及其母亲的临床因素影响着婴儿对铁和锌的需要量;母乳中铁和锌的含量和变化;以及婴儿的生长,决定了6月龄后的婴儿必须从辅助食品中获得足量的铁和锌。然而由于膳食中铁和锌的生物利用情况,决定了植物性食物无法满足婴儿对铁和锌的高需要量。目前普遍采用的以植物性食物作为婴儿的辅助食品,提示了婴儿中铁和锌缺乏的可能性。因此推荐早期添加肉类等高铁和锌含量的食物以满足婴幼儿对铁和锌的需求。
The World Health Organization recommends that exclusively breastfeeding infants need supplemental food after six months of age to meet their nutrient needs. Reasonable addition of supplementary food to reduce the incidence of infant and child mortality and promote the health of infants and young children has an important role. This article reviews the intake and nutritional status of iron and zinc for infants of particular concern in the supplementing of food supplements. Some clinical factors from infants and their mothers affect the infant’s need for iron and zinc; the levels and changes in iron and zinc in breast milk; and infant growth determine that infants 6 months of age must be adequately supplemented with supplements Iron and zinc. However, due to the bioavailability of iron and zinc in the diet, it is determined that plant foods can not meet the high infant and child needs for iron and zinc. The current widespread use of plant foods as an adjunct to infants suggests the possibility of a lack of iron and zinc in infants. Therefore, it is recommended to add foods such as meat and high-speed iron and zinc to meet the demand of iron and zinc for infants and young children.