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美国公共图书馆对民众的生活和工作具有重要作用,但近年来出现了较大的使用波动情况。本文以皮尤美国公共图书馆服务调研中用户陈述的使用变化原因为样本,基于质性分析工具Nvivo和SPSS Text Analytics对原因内容进行主题提取,借助Pajek和VOSviewer构建主题间的语义关联网络并实现可视化展示,在对主题关联网络社区划分的基础上总结归纳当前美国民众公共图书馆使用习惯变化的原因。首先,儿童及青少年的教育、传统资源和服务以及便利性是增加公共图书馆使用的主要原因;而互联网和信息技术、家庭生活方式的改变及对电子资源和服务需求增多,是导致民众减少使用的主要因素。其次,信息技术的作用具有双重性,图书馆的免费网络服务和技能培训增加了其使用,而高收入和高学历用户也因信息技术的便捷减少了前往公共图书馆的次数。最后,公共图书馆应利用信息技术创新其无线和移动服务方式,丰富基于信息技术的教育培训和社区活动,增加不同层次的用户黏性。同时,本文发现使用习惯变化反映出美国民众的分层现象,未来笔者将展开民众属性特征与原因主题的关联分析,以期得到更加深入的研究结论。
The American public library plays an important role in people’s life and work, but in recent years there has been a big fluctuation in usage. In this paper, the reasons for the change of user statements in the service survey of the Pew US Public Library are taken as the samples, and the subject content is extracted based on the qualitative analysis tools Nvivo and SPSS Text Analytics. Pajek and VOSviewer are used to construct the semantic association network between topics. Visual display, and summarizes the reason of the change of usage habits of public libraries in the United States on the basis of dividing the theme related network communities. First, education and traditional resources and services for children and adolescents, as well as their convenience, are the main reasons for the increased use of public libraries. The Internet and information technology, the changes in family lifestyles and the increasing demand for electronic resources and services are causing the public to reduce their use of The main factor. Second, the dual role of information technology has led to increased library use of free web services and skills training, while high-income and highly educated users have also reduced the number of trips to public libraries due to the convenience of information technology. Finally, public libraries should use information technology to innovate their wireless and mobile services, enrich information technology-based education and training and community activities, and increase the stickiness of users at different levels. At the same time, this paper finds that the change of habits reflects the stratification of American people. In the future, the author will start the analysis of the correlation between the characteristics of the people and the causes of the causes in order to get more in-depth conclusions.