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目的运用危险和可操作性分析技术,预防和控制某化学品码头装卸作业的主要职业病危害因素。方法基于危险和可操作性分析(HAZOP),结合职业卫生学调查、职业卫生检测、工作场所职业病危害作业分级等方法,对码头化学品装卸作业的职业病危害进行HAZOP分析,进行超标点整改和效果验证。结果 2009-2010年,该化学品码头主要装卸混合芳烃、甲醇和苯乙烯,装卸作业的主要职业病危害因素为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、甲醇和苯乙烯。根据《工作场所职业病危害分级第2部分:化学物》(GBZ/T 229.2-2010),混合芳烃装船接管时,苯的最高值达112 mg/m~3,属于重度危害作业;甲醇卸船接管时最高值达73.6 mg/m~3,属于中度危害作业。从规范操作、个人防护、泄漏防控等方面进行整改后,2011-2014年的苯、甲醇检测结果符合职业接触限值要求。结论HAZOP技术适用于某化学品码头装卸作业的职业病危害防控,有助于降低装卸工的化学毒物接触水平。
Objective To apply risk and operability analysis techniques to prevent and control major occupational hazards in the loading and unloading operations of a chemical terminal. Methods Based on HAZOP, combined with occupational hygiene investigation, occupational health inspection and workplace occupational hazards classification, HAZOP analysis was conducted on occupational hazards of loading and unloading chemicals in docks, and rectification and effect of over-standard points were carried out verification. Results From 2009 to 2010, the chemical terminal mainly handled mixed aromatics, methanol and styrene. The main occupational hazards of loading and unloading operations were benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, methanol and styrene. According to GBZ / T 229.2-2010, the maximum value of benzene is 112 mg / m ~ 3 when it is taken over by mixed aromatics, which is a severe hazard operation. Methanol unloader Take over the highest value of 73.6 mg / m ~ 3, are moderately hazardous operations. After rectification from the aspects of standard operation, personal protection and leakage prevention and control, the results of benzene and methanol from 2011 to 2014 met the occupational exposure limit requirements. Conclusion The HAZOP technology is suitable for the prevention and control of occupational hazards in the loading and unloading operations of a chemical terminal and helps to reduce the level of chemical toxin exposure of the loading and unloading workers.