目的　了解高血压和糖尿病引起脑血管狭窄的危险程度。方法　选择浙江医科大学附属第一医院 (南方组 )和北京协和医院 (北方组 )TCD室在特定时间内检查的所有患者。TCD检查颅内脑动脉狭窄 ,同时记录患者的年龄、性别、高血压和糖尿病情况。计数资料间比较使用 χ2 检验 ;高危因素危险比的合并使用固定效应模型 ;脑动脉狭窄的危险因素分析使用Logistic多元回归。结果　南方和北方 5 0岁患者高血压 (HT)、糖尿病 (DM)、同时患HT和DM(MIX)及不患这 2种疾病 (Nor)组 ,大脑中动脉狭窄的频率分别是 :南方 6 96 %、11 4 3%、2 0 5 9%和 1 75 %;北方 6 2 4%、11 18%、13 5 1%和 1 95 %;HT、DM和MIX的危险比分别为 :南方 4 0、6 5、11 8;北方 3 2、5 7、6 9;南北方合并后危险比为 2 9、16 9和 37 3。在以上 4组中 ,南北方大脑中动脉狭窄频率差异无显著意义。南方患者大脑中动脉狭窄与年龄、性别、HT和DM的Logistic回归分析显示 ,HT和DM是脑动脉狭窄的独立危险因素 ;男女人群分别计算 ,男性组只有糖尿病 ,女性组只有高血压引入回归方程。结论　HT和DM是引起颅内脑动脉狭窄的独立高危因素。DM危险性较HT严重 ,患 2种疾病时危险性进一步提高 ,这些引起脑动脉狭窄的危险性可能存在性别差异。 Objective To understand the risk of cerebral vascular stenosis caused by hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Methods All the patients in TCD room of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical University (Southern Group) and Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Northern Group) were examined at a specific time. TCD examination of intracranial cerebral artery stenosis, while recording the patient’s age, gender, hypertension and diabetes. Chi-square test was used to compare the count data; the fixed-effect model was used to combine the risk factors of risk factors; the risk factors of cerebral artery stenosis were analyzed using Logistic multiple regression. Results The prevalence of middle cerebral artery stenosis in hypertensive (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), patients with HT and DM (MIX) and those without norms (Nor) at the age of 50 in the south and north were: 96%, 11 4 3%, 20 05 9% and 1 75%; north 6 2 4%, 11 18%, 13 5 1% and 1 95% respectively; the hazard ratios of HT, DM and MIX are respectively: South 4 0,6 5,118; North 3 2,5 7,6 9; North-South combined risk ratios were 2 9,16 9 and 37 3. In the above four groups, there was no significant difference in the frequency of stenosis between the middle and north cerebral arteries. Logistic regression analysis of middle cerebral artery stenosis and age, sex, HT and DM in southern patients showed that HT and DM were independent risk factors of cerebral artery stenosis. Only male and female patients had diabetes mellitus, only high blood pressure induced regression equation . Conclusion HT and DM are independent risk factors of intracranial cerebral artery stenosis. The risk of DM is more severe than that of HT. The risk of developing these two diseases is further increased. There may be gender differences in the risk of cerebral stenosis.