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核动力系統是一个非常庞大和复杂的系統,一个国家的核动力系統可能由几种堆型所組成,这些堆型結合在一起就构成了一个組合的燃料循环体系。热中子轉化堆技术成熟,发电成本經济,但对核燃料的利用率低。快中子增殖堆核燃料的增产速度很高,但初装的可裂变材料多,基建投資大,其初始发展阶段所需燃料向須由热中子轉化堆提供。因此,在这种組合体系內必然存在着能达到較好經济效果的热中子堆和快中子堆最优配置方式。此外,核工业企业的經济規模都很大,需考虑它們最优引入的时間日程表。本文对核动力系統建立了动态綫性規划模型。針对核动力系統各个工艺环节的物理实質及核燃料的流程,建立了各种平衡方程式及各变量間的約束关系式,从而用数学模型描述整个核燃料循环的物理过程,并用綫性規划和混合整数規划方法求解。初步計算結果較好地反映了系統的动态特性,給出了在最优化条件下每个时間周期各个工艺环节的活动水平、环节間的物料流量以及各个工艺环节經济規模企业的个数等数据。这种动态綫性規划模型对研究核动力系統发展規划問題是一种有效的手段。
Nuclear power system is a very large and complex system, a country’s nuclear power system may be composed of several types of heap, which together form a combination of fuel cycle system. Thermal neutron conversion reactor technology matures, power generation cost economy, but low utilization of nuclear fuel. Fast breeder reactor nuclear fuel production rate is very high, but the initial installation of more fissile materials, infrastructure investment, the initial stage of development needed to be the fuel to be provided by the thermal neutron conversion reactor. Therefore, in this combination system, there must be an optimal arrangement of thermal neutron reactors and fast neutron reactors that can achieve better economic results. In addition, the economies of scale of nuclear industrial enterprises are large, taking into account their optimal time schedule. In this paper, dynamic linear programming model is established for nuclear power system. Aiming at the physical essence and nuclear fuel flow in each process of nuclear power system, various equilibrium equations and constraint relations between variables were established, and the physical process of the whole nuclear fuel cycle was described by mathematical model. The linear programming and mixing Integer programming method to solve. The preliminary calculation results better reflect the dynamic characteristics of the system. The data of the activity levels of each process link, the material flow between links and the number of enterprises in each process economy scale are given under the optimal conditions . This dynamic linear programming model is an effective way to study the planning of nuclear power system development.