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本文试图从学科文化的角度把握近几十年来美国外交史/国际关系史演进和转型的总体趋势,并在此基础上揭示近期“新冷战史”的学术史源流和学术思想特性。在冷战前期进入高峰期的外交史具有单一、封闭、板结的总体特性,这种状况在1980年代以后持续推进的具有“学术运动”风貌的学科批判和反思中被打破,导致以认识论多元主义、跨学科和研究空间扩展为方向的学科整体转型,促生了新的、更趋近美国历史学整体趋势的研究格局和学科文化。“新冷战史”的基本特性是对常规外交史的超越和扩张的冷战观,它的存在和演进以多元主义的新学科文化为基本智识条件。
This article tries to grasp the general tendency of the evolution and transformation of the history of diplomatic / international relations in the United States in recent decades from the perspective of academic culture. Based on this, this article reveals the origin of academic history and the characteristics of academic thought in the recent history of the Cold War. The diplomatic history that entered its peak during the early part of the Cold War was characterized by a single, closed and consolidated nature. This situation was broken in the academic criticism and reflections of the “academic movement” style that continued to be promoted after the 1980s, leading to epistemological pluralism The overall transformation of disciplines with doctrine, interdisciplinarity and research space expansion as directions has given birth to new research patterns and disciplinary cultures that are closer to the overall trend of American history. The basic feature of the history of the new Cold War is the Cold War concept of surpassing and expanding the conventional diplomatic history. Its existence and evolution are based on the new discipline culture of pluralism as the basic intellectual condition.