生物的许多性状都是由基因控制的,而基因主要是在细胞核内的染色体上。因此,染色体发生形态结构或数量上的变化,都必然会引起生物的性状发生变异。 远缘杂交、辐射育种,单倍体育种、多倍体育种等是作物育种的重要途径之一,而鉴别其后代是否真正的远缘杂种,属何种变异类型等,通过对染色体的遗传行为的分析,又是较为准确和普遍的重要方法。因此,对植物细胞进行制片来观察染色体,是研究、识别生物遗传及变异类型的重要手段和技术。 Many of the traits of a living creature are genetically controlled, while genes are predominantly on chromosomes in the nucleus. Therefore, chromosomal morphological changes in the structure or quantity, are bound to cause biological traits mutated. Distant hybridization, radiation breeding, haploid breeding, polyploid breeding and so on are one of the important ways of crop breeding, and identifying whether the offspring is a true distant hybrid, what type of variation, through the genetic behavior of the chromosome Analysis, but also more accurate and universal important method. Therefore, the production of plant cells to observe the chromosomes, is to study and identify biological genetic and variation types of important means and techniques.