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[目的]为探讨不同养分管理措施对冬小麦产量和养分利用效率的影响。[方法]通过在河北辛集的32点田间试验,对高、中、低不同产量水平下农民习惯养分管理模式与基于养分平衡原理的优化养分管理措施对冬小麦产量和养分利用率的影响进行了探讨。[结果]在不同产量水平下,优化养分处理的籽粒产量、氮素回收率、农学效率和氮肥偏生产率均高于农民习惯处理。随着产量水平的提高,优化处理的小麦产量比农民习惯处理增加的幅度逐渐降低。在所有处理中,氮素回收率、农学效率、氮肥偏生产率和经济效益均以高产水平下的优化养分处理为最高。[结论]基于养分平衡的优化养分管理模式对提高小麦产量和养分利用效率有良好的效果。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the effects of different nutrient management measures on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of winter wheat. [Method] The effects of farmers’ customary nutrient management modes and optimal nutrient management measures based on nutrient balance principle on yield and nutrient utilization efficiency of winter wheat under different production levels of high, middle and low were studied in a 32-point field trial in Xinji, Hebei Province. . [Result] At different yield levels, grain yield, nitrogen recovery rate, agronomic efficiency and partial nitrogen production rate of optimized nutrient treatments were higher than those of peasants. With the increase of production level, the yield of wheat under optimized treatment gradually decreased as compared with that of peasants. Nitrogen recovery, agronomic efficiency, N partial bioproduction rates and economic benefits were highest in all treatment treatments with optimized nutrient levels at high yield levels. [Conclusion] Optimum nutrient management mode based on nutrient balance had good effect on improving wheat yield and nutrient utilization efficiency.