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法国财政总监泰雷神父1771年初创办的“国家谷物专卖局”虽然不断得到欧美史学界的重新审视,但都没有跳出旧制度的视角。本文将国家谷物专卖局置于生计问题国家化的视角下考察,认为它的建立是泰雷将生计问题的管理权从地方收归中央,在全国范围内促进谷物流通的重要尝试。由于封建制度的阻碍和绝对主义王权的畸形发展,国家谷物专卖局未能完成生计问题国家化的目标,但是它的一些观念和做法对后世产生了深远影响。
Although the “State Grain Monopoly Bureau” founded by French Financial Director Terry in early 1771 has been re-examined by European and American historians alike, neither has escaped the perspective of the old system. In this paper, the State Grain Monopoly Bureau is placed under the perspective of the nationalization of livelihood issues. It believes that its establishment is an important attempt by Tire to transfer the management right of livelihood issues from the local authorities to the Central Government and promote cereal circulation across the country. Due to the impediment of the feudal system and the abnormal development of absolute monarchy, the State Grain Monopoly Bureau failed to accomplish the goal of nationalizing the livelihood issue, but some of its concepts and practices have had a profound impact on later generations.