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预计到2020年,中国的绿色投资需求将达到每年1.7万亿~2.9万亿元人民币(折合2740亿~4680亿美元)。对经济需求的评估已经提供给了众多的行业,包括可持续能源、基础设施建设(包括环境保护)、环境修复、工业污染控制、能源和水资源效率以及绿色产品。中国的绿色财政的背景已经在讨论之中,覆盖了城镇化、气候改变、基础设施交互以及工业模式的转变。很多基础设施建设的融资发生在城市中,聚焦在《国家新型城镇化规划(2014—2020年)》下的公平、环境保护以及生活质量问题。中国在建筑行业已经实施了很多成功的政策,但是中国的建筑节能仍有相当大的提升空间。中国目前正在追求低碳的增长战略,这与中国的整体环境和生活质量目标一致。到2020年之后,中国作为一个生态文明国家的未来将建立在一个中央基础设施政策的实施上,这个政策就是《中国2050高比例可再生能源发展情景暨路径研究》。以《循环经济发展战略及近期行动计划》为例,中国绿色工业转型的关键一步涉及节约材料的工程系统,以此减少甚至清除废料。为了更好地理解中国经济在其绿色转型中的改变,以及释放其巨大的潜在资金来源,有必要对中国所有的基础设施部门进行更加全面的研究,尤其是货运铁路的基础设施和港口。要清理土壤和地下水中的环境污染残留物,以及减少工业污染,都需要巨大的投资。电力行业摒弃煤炭的转型将会避免一些工业治理成本。工程师在计划、设计和构造中国新绿色基础设施中的贡献,也同样会在理解了宽松的政策环境以及土地利用、基础设施和环保成效间的相互作用后更进一步。
It is estimated that by 2020, China’s green investment demand will reach 1.7 trillion yuan to 2.9 trillion yuan (equivalent to 274 billion to 468 billion U.S. dollars) per annum. Assessment of economic needs has been provided to a wide range of industries, including sustainable energy, infrastructure (including environmental protection), environmental remediation, industrial pollution control, energy and water efficiency, and green products. The background for China’s green finance is already under discussion, covering urbanization, climate change, infrastructure interactions and changes in industrial models. Much of infrastructure financing takes place in cities, focusing on issues of equity, environmental protection and quality of life under the National New Urbanization Program (2014-2020). China has implemented many successful policies in the construction industry, but there is still considerable room for improvement in building energy efficiency in China. China is now pursuing a low-carbon growth strategy that is consistent with China’s overall environmental and quality of life goals. After 2020, China’s future as an ecological civilization will be built on the implementation of a central infrastructure policy called “China’s 2050 High-Scale Renewable Energy Development Scenario and Path Study.” Taking the Circular Economy Development Strategy and Immediate Plan of Action as an example, a key step in the transformation of China’s green industry involves the conservation of materials engineering systems to reduce or even eliminate waste. In order to better understand the changes in China’s economy in its green transition and to free up its huge potential source of funding, it is necessary to conduct a more comprehensive study of all of China’s infrastructure sectors, in particular the infrastructure and ports of freight railways. Significant investments are needed to clean up the residues of environmental contaminants in soil and groundwater and to reduce industrial pollution. The abandonment of the coal industry in the power sector will avoid some of the costs of industrial governance. Engineers’ contributions in planning, designing and constructing China’s new green infrastructure will go one step further by understanding the relaxed policy environment and the interaction between land use, infrastructure and environmental performance.