完全经肛腔镜下手术(pure transanal endoscopic surgery,PTAES)是经自然腔道内镜手术(natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery,NOTES)、经肛门微创手术、单孔腹腔镜手术和全直肠系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)等技术的融合,是在保证直肠癌根治的基础上达到尽可能微创的无瘢痕手术,代表目前直肠癌手术的最新进展。但其与传统手术方向相反,是“由下向上”的操作方向,其操作时的 Pure transanal endoscopic surgery (PTAES) is a natural transilluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), transanal minimally invasive surgery, single-hole laparoscopic surgery and total mesorectal excision total mesorectal excision, TME) and other technologies, is to achieve the minimally invasive scar-free operation as possible on the basis of ensuring the radical treatment of rectal cancer, and represents the latest progress of current rectal cancer surgery. But its opposite to the traditional surgical direction, is “from bottom to top” operating direction, the operation of