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目的了解广州市生产企业工作场所职业病危害因素情况。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取9个行业共153家生产企业,通过问卷调查了解企业职业卫生管理情况,并对其工作场所职业病危害因素进行检测分析。结果 153家调查企业以中、小型企业为主(共占87.6%),涉及皮革箱包制鞋业、化工行业、电子行业、船舶修造业、印刷包装业、木制家具业、玻璃宝石加工业、蓄电池行业和其他行业9个行业。30.7%的企业存在职业病危害因素超标,各行业企业超标率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。12.3%的工作岗位职业病危害因素检测结果超标,各行业工作岗位超标率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);船舶修造业工作岗位超标率最高,为35.9%。企业建设项目职业卫生预评价或控制效果评价开展率为19.6%;工作场所职业病危害因素日常检测和职业健康检查开展率分别为47.7%和45.1%,皮革箱包行业上述2个指标开展率均最低,分别为8.3%和18.6%。结论应加强企业职业卫生监督管理工作,重点加强船舶修造行业、皮革箱包制鞋业和印刷包装业的专项治理。
Objective To understand the workplace occupational hazards in manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou. Methods A total of 153 manufacturing enterprises in 9 industries were sampled by stratified random sampling method. The questionnaires were used to understand the occupational health management of enterprises and the detection and analysis of occupational hazards in the workplace. Results Of the 153 surveyed enterprises, medium-sized and small-sized enterprises (87.6% in total) mainly involved leather goods, shoes and footwear, chemical industry, electronics industry, shipbuilding industry, printing and packaging industry, wooden furniture industry, glass and gemstone processing industry, Battery industry and other industries in nine industries. 30.7% of the enterprises had excessive occupational hazards, and the rates of over-standard in various industries were not statistically different (P> 0.05). 12.3% of the work-related occupational disease risk factors exceeded the test results, and the rates of over-standard occupations in various industries were statistically significant (P <0.01). The highest over-standard work-rate in shipbuilding industry was 35.9%. The rate of pre-evaluation or control effect evaluation of occupational health in construction projects was 19.6%; the rate of daily testing and occupational health examination of occupational hazards in the workplace was 47.7% and 45.1% respectively; the rate of carrying out the above two indicators in the leather bag industry was the lowest, Respectively 8.3% and 18.6%. Conclusion Occupational health supervision and management of enterprises should be strengthened, focusing on strengthening the special management of shipbuilding industry, leather luggage and footwear industry and printing and packaging industry.