目的探讨飞行人员泌尿系结石的诊疗路径及航空医学鉴定。方法回顾性分析我院2014年1月—2 015年12月诊治的2 7例飞行人员泌尿系结石的临床航空医学资料。统计患者基本情况、疾病特征、治疗效果等相关信息。结果单发结石23例,占85.19%;多发结石4例,占14.81%。肾结石20例,占74.07%;输尿管结石5例,占18.52%;肾结石并输尿管结石1例,占3.70%;尿道结石1例,占3.70%。口服药物排石治疗17例,结石排出共4例,其中输尿管结石2例,肾结石1例,尿道结石1例;输尿管软镜治疗10例,结石取出、排出共8例,另2例结合术中超声,最后分别确诊为肾钙化灶、肾钙乳症。分析结石成分8例,其中草酸钙盐7例,占87.50%;草酸钙/磷酸钙盐1例,占12.50%。27例飞行人员治疗后复飞14例,其中软镜治疗后复飞10例(100.00%),药物治疗后复飞4例(23.53%)。结论飞行人员泌尿系结石多发现早、无症状,明确结石与钙化的诊断在航空医学鉴定中至关重要,输尿管软镜检查和治疗是快速、有效的诊疗手段之一。 Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of urinary calculi of pilots and aviation medical identification. Methods The clinical aviation medical data of 27 cases of urinary calculi of pilots in our hospital from January 2014 to December 015 were retrospectively analyzed. Statistics of the basic situation of patients, disease characteristics, treatment effects and other related information. Results Single solitary stone in 23 cases, accounting for 85.19%; 4 cases of multiple stones, accounting for 14.81%. 20 cases of renal stones, accounting for 74.07%; ureteral stones in 5 cases, accounting for 18.52%; kidney stones and ureteral stones in 1 case, accounting for 3.70%; urethral stones in 1 case, accounting for 3.70%. Oral drug treatment of stone row in 17 cases, a total of 4 cases of stone discharge, including ureteral calculi in 2 cases, 1 case of kidney stones, urethral calculi in 1 case; ureteroscopy in 10 cases, removal of stones, a total of 8 cases of discharge, the other 2 cases of combined surgery In ultrasound, were finally diagnosed as renal calcification, renal calcium milk disease. Analysis of stones in 8 cases, of which 7 cases of calcium oxalate, accounting for 87.50%; 1 case of calcium oxalate / calcium phosphate, accounting for 12.50%. There were 14 cases of go-around after treatment in 27 cases, including 10 cases of go-around (100.00%) after soft-lensing and 4 cases of go-around after medication (23.53%). Conclusions The diagnosis of early calcification and asymptomatic urolithiasis in pilots is very important in the identification of aviation medicine. The diagnosis and treatment of ureteroscopy is one of the fast and effective methods of diagnosis and treatment.