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对于近代以来西方的发展 ,人们往往归因于科技革命、政治制度、经济条件等 ,其中一个容易忽视的因素是西方社会的再世俗化历程。这个历程虽然比中国晚了十多个世纪 ,但正是在怀疑和脱离宗教的过程中 ,西方人多少有些意外地发现了个体存在的优良品质 ,导致了西方社会的巨大变化。中国则一直沿着依靠人类自身的力量来构建社会的世俗道路 ,个体在社会联系的格局中隐而不彰。本文通过对中国和西方三个历史时期的社会化和世俗化过程的比较 ,表明中国也需要一段个体充分发展的时期 ,但这种发展不是在和神的对照中产生 ,而只能是在和社会关系的对照中获取。
For the development of the west in modern times, people often attribute it to the revolution in science and technology, political system and economic conditions. One of the most overlooked factors is the secularization of Western society. Although this course was more than 10 centuries later than China, it is precisely in the process of doubting and escaping from religion that Westerners somewhat unexpectedly discovered the fine qualities of individual existence and led to tremendous changes in western society. China has always followed the secular path of building society by relying on the power of mankind itself, and the individual is implicit in the pattern of social relations. By comparing the socialization and secularization of China and the West in three historical periods, this article shows that China needs a period of full development of individuals. However, this development is not generated in contrast with God but only in Social relations in the control of access.