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2011年4—9月对新疆尼勒克县苏布台乡黑土、黑钙土、风沙土及盐碱土等4种类型农田的土壤动物群落多样性特征进行调查,共获得土壤动物4 340只,隶属于3门9纲16目(18类),其中真螨目、膜翅目、弹尾目、寄螨目和鞘翅目幼虫等5类为优势类群,占总个体数的69.55%.直翅目幼虫、等足目、双尾目、正蚓目、垫刃目、鞘翅目成虫、半翅目、蜘蛛目及直翅目成虫9类为常见类群,占总个体数的27.30%.倍足目、革翅目、蜈蚣目、盲蛛目4类为稀有类群,占总个体数的3.13%.4种土壤类型农田中土壤动物的类群数和个体数的分布具有明显的季节变化,其中个体数在秋季最多、夏季次之、春季最小.土壤类型对土壤动物的数量和组成影响很大,4种农田土壤类型的土壤动物数量依次为黑土、黑钙土、风沙土、盐碱土.土壤含水率、pH值及地温对农田土壤动物的个体数量及群落组成影响较大.
From April to September in 2011, the diversity of soil fauna in four types of farmland, such as black soil, chernozem, aeolian sandy soil and saline-alkali soil in Subutai Township of Nilu Ke County of Xinjiang Autonomous Region was investigated. A total of 4340 soil fauna were obtained, Belonging to 3 classes, 9 classes and 16 orders (18 classes), of which 5 groups were the dominant groups, including Acarina, Hymenoptera, Coccinellidae, Acarina and Coleoptera, accounting for 69.55% of the total individuals. There are 9 common species of larvae, Isopoda, Isopodidae, Eupatorium, Eupatorium, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Araneae and Orthoptera, accounting for 27.30% of the total number of individuals. There were four groups of Lepidoptera, Centipede and Blind Araneae with rare species, accounting for 3.13% of the total number of individuals.The distribution of soil fauna and individuals in four soil types had obvious seasonal changes, The highest in autumn, the next in summer, and the lowest in spring.The soil types had a great influence on the quantity and composition of soil animals.The soil fauna types of the four kinds of farmland soil followed by black soil, chernozem, aeolian sandy soil and saline-alkali soil.The soil water content, pH value and ground temperature have a great influence on the individual number and community composition of soil animal in farmland.