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铝在国计民生中占有越来越重要的地位,铝的冶炼来自于氧化铝的电解,而氧化铝富含于铝土矿中,但是铝土矿中又含有氧化硅、氧化铁等杂质,那么在实验室里如何从铝土矿中提取氧化铝呢?下面本人设计两种提纯方法以飨读者,同时将教学大纲中的重点、难点总结一下。实验仪器:烧杯、钥匙、玻璃棒、普通漏斗、滤纸、铁架台(带铁圈)、滴管、锥行瓶、双孔橡胶塞、长径漏斗、酒精灯、蒸发皿、三角支架、玻璃导管、橡皮管。化学试剂:研磨的铝土矿粉末、氢氧化钠溶液、盐酸溶液、氨水、蒸馏水、碳酸钙。
Aluminum plays an increasingly important role in the national economy and people’s livelihood. The smelting of aluminum comes from the electrolysis of alumina, which is rich in bauxite. However, bauxite contains impurities such as silicon oxide and iron oxide. How does the laboratory extract alumina from bauxite? Here I design two methods of purification for readers, and summarize the key and difficult points in the syllabus. Laboratory equipment: beakers, keys, glass rods, common funnels, filter paper, iron racks (with hoops), droppers, conical bottles, double-hole rubber stoppers, long-diameter funnels, alcohol lamps, evaporating dishes, triangle brackets, glass conduits , rubber hose. Chemical reagents: ground bauxite powder, sodium hydroxide solution, hydrochloric acid solution, ammonia, distilled water, calcium carbonate.