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目的评价综合性职业健康干预措施对某铅酸蓄电池企业的干预效果。方法对深圳市某铅酸蓄电池企业及其重点岗位的174名铅作业劳务工采取综合性职业健康干预措施进行为期1年的干预,包括企业职业卫生管理及生产工艺流程、劳务工职业健康知识及防护技能、劳务工膳食调节干预,以最后进入本研究的138人为研究对象,比较干预前后效果。结果干预后劳务工职业卫生知识得分较干预前提高[(19.10±1.43)分vs(12.71±0.95)分,P<0.01],防护口罩、防护手套和工作服等个人防护用品的正确使用率均较干预前提高(62.32%vs 48.55%,59.42%vs 38.41%,61.59%vs 49.28%,P<0.05);劳务工不吸烟、饮水前洗手、下班后洗手、饮水前漱口和下班后更换工作服等职业健康相关生活方式形成率均较干预前提高(69.57%vs 47.83%,82.61%vs 35.51%,92.03%vs87.68%,61.59%vs 2.17%,60.14%vs 36.23%,P<0.05)。干预后劳务工工作场所空气中铅超标率较干预前下降(13.64%vs 54.55%,P<0.01)。干预后劳务工血铅水平较干预前下降(中位数:1.01μmol/L vs 1.49μmol/L,P<0.01)。结论对铅酸蓄电池企业劳务工进行综合性职业健康干预,可有效提高工人职业卫生知识水平,改善工人卫生行为习惯,对防治职业性慢性铅中毒的发生有重要意义。
Objective To evaluate the intervention effects of comprehensive occupational health interventions on a lead-acid battery enterprise. Methods A total of 174 lead workers in a lead-acid battery company and its key posts in Shenzhen City took comprehensive occupational health interventions for 1 year intervention, including occupational health management and production process flow, occupational health knowledge of labor force and Protection skills and dietary interventions for laborers. Finally, 138 people who entered the study were selected as the research object to compare the effects before and after the intervention. Results After intervention, occupational health knowledge scores of labors increased ([19.10 ± 1.43] vs (12.71 ± 0.95) points, P <0.01], and the correct usage rates of personal protective equipment such as protective masks, protective gloves and work clothes were all higher than those before intervention (62.32% vs 48.55%, 59.42% vs 38.41%, 61.59% vs 49.28%, P <0.05); laborers did not smoke, wash hands before drinking water, wash hands after get off work, rinse mouth before drinking water and change work clothes after get off work The incidence of occupational health-related lifestyle was significantly higher than that before intervention (69.57% vs 47.83%, 82.61% vs 35.51%, 92.03% vs 87.68%, 61.59% vs 2.17%, 60.14% vs 36.23%, P <0.05). After intervention, the excess of lead in workplace air was lower than that before intervention (13.64% vs 54.55%, P <0.01). After intervention, the blood lead level of laborers decreased before intervention (median: 1.01μmol / L vs 1.49μmol / L, P <0.01). Conclusion The comprehensive occupational health intervention for laborers in lead-acid battery enterprises can effectively improve workers’ knowledge level of occupational health and improve their hygienic behavior and habits, which is of great significance in prevention and treatment of occupational chronic lead poisoning.