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保护性耕作和杂草多样性是现代生态农业关注的热点问题.尽管保护性耕作下农田杂草多样性有所提高,但耕作方式与养分管理方式对农田杂草群落多样性的交互影响尚未探明.本研究以山东省济南市一块连续3年施行不同耕作方式(免耕、深松、旋耕、深耕)和不同养分管理措施(农户常规:年施氮肥480 kg·hm~(-2),高产高效:年施氮肥360 kg·hm~(-2),优化管理:年施氮肥300 kg·hm~(-2))的冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田为研究样地,调查并比较了不同管理模式下农田春季杂草群落特征.结果表明:该冬小麦-夏玉米农田春季杂草群落共发现杂草15种,其中优势物种为马唐和稗;与深耕和旋耕相比,免耕和深松下杂草密度较高.在群落多样性方面,深耕处理下的物种丰富度和均匀度最低,而群落优势度高于其余3种耕作方式;在养分管理中,随着施肥量的增加,物种丰富度和均匀度均升高;深耕和旋耕处理下,随着施肥量的增加,群落优势度升高;而在免耕深松处理下,群落优势度会随着施肥量的增加而减少.在杂草群落生物量方面,免耕和深松的生物量显著高于深耕和旋耕,农户常规处理均高于其余两种养分管理方式,杂草生物量最高的组合是免耕+农户常规.免耕和施肥将提高农田春季杂草群落丰富度、均匀度和生产力.
Conservation tillage and weed diversity are the focus of attention in modern ecological agriculture.Although the diversity of weeds in farmland has been enhanced under conservation tillage, the interactive impact of tillage and nutrient management practices on the diversity of farmland weeds has not yet been explored In this study, different farming methods (no-tillage, deep-plowing, rotary tillage, deep tillage) and different nutrient management measures were implemented in a piece of Jinan City, Shandong Province for three years in a row (routine of farmers: 480 kg · hm -2 of nitrogen fertilizer per year) , High yield and high efficiency: 360 kg · hm -2 of nitrogen fertilizer per year, and optimized management: 300 kg · hm -2 of nitrogen fertilizer were used to study the crop rotation of winter wheat-summer maize The results showed that 15 species of weeds were found in the weed community of spring wheat-summer maize in spring, of which the dominant species were crabgrass and barnyardgrass. Compared with deep-plowing and rotary-tillage, no-tillage and tillage Weed density is higher in subsoiling.The species richness and evenness under deep plowing are lowest in community diversity, while the community dominance is higher than the other three kinds of farming practices.In the nutrient management, with the increase of fertilization, Species richness and evenness increased; deep plowing and rotary plowing Under the no-tillage and deep-tillage treatments, the dominance of the community decreased with the increase of the fertilization rate.As to the weed community biomass, no-tillage and deep The biomass of pine was significantly higher than that of deep-plowing and rotary-tillage, and the conventional treatment of farmer households was higher than the other two kinds of nutrient management methods. The highest weed biomass combination was no-till + farmers convention. Community richness, evenness and productivity.