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孤雌生殖指卵子无需精子参与的条件下发育成胚胎而繁衍后代的一种方式。孤雌激活是MⅡ期卵母细胞不经过精子刺激,而通过化学或物理等人工刺激模拟受精过程,恢复并完成第二次减数分裂,发生卵裂并形成早期胚胎即孤雌胚。人类孤雌胚可发育到囊胚阶段,使得其成为与胚胎学、干细胞和再生医学相关的各种研究领域中的实验模型。本文就人卵母细胞孤雌激活的机制及孤雌激活技术的应用研究进展予以综述。
Parthenogenesis refers to a way in which an egg is grown into an embryo under the condition that the egg does not need to be involved in sperm. Parthenogenetic activation is the M Ⅱ oocyte without sperm stimulation, but through chemical or physical stimulation to simulate the fertilization process, restore and complete the second meiosis, cleavage and the formation of the early embryo that parthenogenetic embryos. Human parthenogenetic embryos can develop into the blastocyst stage, making them an experimental model in a variety of research fields related to embryology, stem cells and regenerative medicine. This article reviews the mechanism of human oocyte parthenogenetic activation and application of parthenogenetic activation.