在过去20年(1968—1988年)期间,非洲经济中出现了截然相反的一些现象:初级产品的生产与出口成倍增长,而其出口收入却持续下降;国内生产总值有所增长,而收入却普遍减少;乡村生活水平下降,城市生活水准提高;城乡穷人愈穷,富人更富;农业尤其是粮 In the past two decades (1968-1988), there have been diametrically opposed phenomena in the African economy: the production and export of primary products doubled while their export earnings continued to decline; while the growth of the gross domestic product Income generally decreased; the standard of living in rural areas decreased; the standard of urban living improved; the poorer the urban and rural poor were, the rich were richer; the agricultural sector, especially the grain