ANCA相关性小血管炎是一组累及全身多系统的自身免疫性疾病,它包括韦格纳肉芽肿、显微镜下多血管炎和变应性肉芽肿性血管炎[1]。由于临床表现不典型,容易漏诊或误诊,尤其是以肺部病变表现为主时,极易误诊为肺结核或肺部感染。1病历摘要患者,男,71岁,因“发现血糖高1年,双足趾反复青紫半月”入院;入院4个月前因“咯血伴午后低热”入住传染病院, ANCA-associated vasculitis is a group of autoimmune diseases involving the whole body and multiple systems, including Wegener’s granulomatosis, microscopic polyangitis and allergic granulomatous vasculitis [1]. Due to the clinical manifestations of atypical, easily missed or misdiagnosed, especially in the performance of the main pulmonary disease, easily misdiagnosed as tuberculosis or lung infection. A patient summary, male, 71 years old, due to “found that high blood sugar for 1 year, double toe repeated bruising ” admitted to hospital; 4 months after admission due to “hemoptysis with afternoon fever ” admitted to infectious disease hospital,