一幅画的表面是由非常复杂的不同层次所构成的。就如地球表面的地质图解一样,说明了最终呈现出来的地球外表,是由于地层不同的厚度和构造的变化而形成的。一幅画最基本的结构是由基底(如木板、布、纸等)、底子(指基底上的涂料)和色层(包括颜料及煤介剂等)三部分组成的。 一、基底与底子 历来,有许多用作绘画基底的材料、如铜、石、纸、皮、塑胶等等,然而最常用的是木板和布。 在西方,木板用于架上绘画始于4000多年前的古埃及第6王朝。特别是在欧洲中世纪时期,木板画作为教堂的装饰,使木板在几个世纪里成为最主要的绘画基底,它具有许多优点:坚硬而重量适中,易于手工处理,可以雕凿制作出象哥特式大教堂那样复杂的 The surface of a painting is composed of very complex and different levels. Just as the geologic illustration of the Earth’s surface illustrates the appearance of the Earth’s surface as a result of the varying thickness and structural variations of the formation. The most basic structure of a painting is composed of three parts of the substrate (such as wood, cloth, paper, etc.), the substrate (refers to the coating on the substrate) and the color layer (including pigments and coal agents, etc.). First, the substrate and the substrate Historically, there are many materials used for painting substrates, such as copper, stone, paper, leather, plastic and so on, but the most commonly used are wood and cloth. In the West, planks are used for shelving paintings from the 6th dynasty of ancient Egypt beginning 4,000 years ago. Especially during the Middle Ages of Europe, the use of wooden planks as a decoration for churches made the plank the most important base of painting for centuries. It has many advantages: hard and moderate weight, easy to handle, carving out gothic Cathedral-like complex