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抗n N-甲基-n D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体脑炎及病毒性脑炎的临床表现相似但治疗方法及预后不同，故早期鉴别至关重要。抗体检测及病原学检测存在延时、假阴性等不足，常规辅助检查缺乏特异性，鉴别价值有限。n 18F脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)标记的正电子发射计算机断层显像(PETCT)检查对于抗NMDA受体脑炎早期代谢异常敏感性高，存在特征性的枕叶低代谢和额颞叶高代谢。病毒性脑炎行n 18F-FDG PETCT检查研究病例数较少，不同病毒性脑炎的脑代谢表现不同，但均无特征性的枕叶代谢减退。本文现围绕NMDA受体脑炎及病毒性脑炎行n 18F-FDG PETCT检查时的脑代谢特点综述如下。n “,”The clinical manifestations of anti-n N-methyl-daspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis and viral encephalitis are similar but the treatments and prognoses are different, so the early differentiation of the two diseases is very important. Early diagnosis is affected by delayed antibody detection and false negative detection, while routine auxiliary tests lack specificity; therefore, they have limited value in identification. The n 18F-fulorodeoxyglucose (FDG) marked positron emission computed tomography (PETCT) is highly sensitive to abnormal cerebral metabolism in the early stage of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, showing a characteristic metabolic pattern of frontal or temporal lobe increase metabolism and occipital decrease metabolism. The number of patients who underwent n 18F FDG PETCT examination for viral encephalitis was small; different kinds of viral encephalitis show different brain metabolism, but there was no characteristic hypometabolism of the occipital lobe. This paper reviews the cerebral metabolic characteristics of n 18F-FDG PETCT in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and viral encephalitis.n