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以海伦农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站长期定位试验为平台,选择了5个不同施肥处理,包括无肥(CK),单施氮肥(N),氮肥+有机肥(N+OM),氮、磷、钾配合施用(NPK),氮、磷、钾+有机肥(NPK+OM),研究了连续27年不同施肥处理对大豆生长和产量的影响。结果表明:长期施用有机肥能够明显增加大豆株高和荚数,并且能增加植株的生长速度,氮磷钾肥配合施用能增加大豆根瘤干重和根瘤数,而有机肥对根瘤的作用不显著。与单施化肥和无肥相比,施用有机肥处理大豆的根冠比较小,说明有机肥能够促进地上部干物质的积累。长期施肥对大豆产量构成因子的影响表现为:NPK+OM>NPK>N+OM>N>CK,大豆产量也表现出相似趋势,说明有机肥的施用能够改善大豆的产量性状,同时氮肥配施有机肥的大豆产量低于氮、磷、钾平衡施肥的处理,说明在东北黑土区有机肥不能代替磷钾肥施用。
Based on the long-term experiment of the National Field Observation Station for Helen Field, five different fertilization treatments including CK, N, N + OM, N Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK), Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium + Organic Fertilizer (NPK + OM). The effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and yield of soybean were studied. The results showed that long-term application of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the plant height and pod number of soybean and increase the plant growth rate. Combined application of NPK fertilizers could increase the dry weight and nodule number of soybean nodules, while the effect of organic fertilizer on nodules was insignificant. Compared with the application of chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer, the application of organic fertilizer to treat soybean root crown is relatively small, indicating that organic fertilizer can promote the accumulation of aboveground dry matter. The effects of long-term fertilization on soybean yield components were as follows: NPK + OM> NPK> N + OM> N> CK. Soybean yield also showed a similar trend, indicating that the application of organic manure could improve soybean yield traits, Organic fertilizer production of soybean is lower than the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization treatment, indicating that black organic fertilizer in northeastern China can not replace the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.