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目的 分析肺结核病人痰涂片镜检阳性检测结果,为提高肺结核阳性检出率提供科学依据.方法 选取2015年保山市隆阳区疾病预防控制中心接诊的272例肺结核病人为研究对象,分析肺结核痰涂片检查的相关信息与其涂阳率的关系.结果 272例肺结核病人,经过肺结核痰涂片镜检,阳性96例,涂阳率为35.29％;镜检痰涂片阳性率为29.12％,初治病人镜检痰涂片阳性率为27.86％、复治病人镜检痰涂片阳性率为76.19％;干酪痰、血痰、粘液痰和水样痰阳性检出率依次降低;青壮年人群检出率高.结论 痰涂片检测是发现和控制肺结核的重要手段,注重实验室痰标本的质量控制能够有效提高阳性检出率,从而做到早发现、早治疗.“,”Objective To improve the positive detection rate by analysis of sputum smear test results of 272 TB patients.Methods The sputum smear test results of 272 TB patients was analyzed to explore the the relations of tuberculosis with sputum smear examination and the rate of sputum smear positive.Results 272 cases of TB patients,after pulmonary tuberculosis sputum smear microscopy,positive in 96 cases,the positive rate was 35.29％;the positive rate of sputum smear was 29.12％,and the positive rate of sputum smear was about 27.86％ in newly diagnosed patients,the positive rate of sputum smear in patients with retreatment was about 76.19％.The positive detection rate of sputum smear,caseous sputum,sputum with blood,phlegm and mucus samples decreased.The positive detection rate of sputum was higher in young adults.Conclusion The sputum smear detection was an important measure for TB to be found and controlled.We must pay attention to improving the quality of laboratory sputum specimens.