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近年来,我国交通运输市场发生了巨大变化。铁路货运开始由卖方市场逐步转化为买方市场,各种交通方式间的竞争越来越激烈。铁路货运的主导地位受到了其他运输方式强烈冲击,市场份额下降,经营日趋艰难。本文以货运需求为研究对象。首先阐述了铁路货源流失、运量下降、市场份额下降的原因。阐述了铁路货运营销手段单一、货运技术设备落后,信息化程度低、运价上的优势难以体现、货运基础管理较薄弱等方面的阐述铁路货运竞争乏力的局面。最后提出我国铁路货物运输市场竞争能力需要通过改革、扩大路网规模、优化货物运输组织、开展多式联运和现代物流等方式提高综合竞争能力,使铁路在货物运输市场竞争中保持健康、快速、可持续发展。
In recent years, great changes have taken place in China’s transportation market. Railway freight transport began to be gradually transformed from the seller’s market into a buyer’s market, and the competition among various modes of transportation became more and more fierce. The dominance of railway freight has been strongly impacted by other means of transport, with declining market share and increasingly difficult operations. This article takes freight demand as the research object. First of all, it elaborates on the reasons for the loss of railway sources, the decrease of traffic and the decrease of market share. It expounds the weak competition of railway freight transportation in the aspects of single means of railway freight marketing, backward technical equipment of freight transportation, low degree of informatization, difficulty in reflecting the superiority of freight rate and weak foundation management of freight transportation. Finally, the paper puts forward that the competitiveness of China’s railway freight transportation market needs to improve the comprehensive competitiveness by reforming, expanding the scale of the railway network, optimizing the freight transportation organization, carrying out multimodal transport and modern logistics, and keeping the railway healthy, fast and competitive in the freight transportation market. sustainable development.