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探讨核与辐射事故的公众社会心理效应特点、应急干预原则与应对措施,最大限度地减少核与辐射事故对公众造成的心理伤害。核与辐射事故社会心理效应有其自身的特点,按照心理活动的知、情、意等3个阶段可以将其归纳为不良情绪反应、认知失调和行为异常等三个层次。心理效应的应急干预应遵循防止严重确定性健康效应的发生,干预的正当性原则和干预的最优化原则。对于群体心理效应,主要应对措施是信息沟通和心理抚慰;对于个体心理效应,根据应激反应程度的不同,主要采取心理咨询和心理治疗等措施。
Discuss the characteristics of public psychosocial effects of nuclear and radiation accidents, principles and measures of emergency intervention, and minimize the psychological harm to the public caused by nuclear and radiation accidents. The psychosocial effects of nuclear and radiation accidents have their own characteristics. According to the three phases of psychological activity, such as knowing, feeling and meaning, they can be summarized into three levels: adverse emotional reaction, cognitive dissonance and abnormal behavior. Emergency interventions for psychological effects should follow the principle of preventing the occurrence of serious deterministic health effects, the principle of legitimacy of intervention and the principle of intervention. For group psychological effects, the main response measures are information communication and psychological comfort; for individual psychological effects, according to the different degree of stress response, mainly psychological counseling and psychological treatment and other measures.