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汤圆小流域水土流失面积为2 880.25 hm2,占土地总面积的79.84%,年均土壤侵蚀模数为2 295t/(km2·a),属于中度流失,每年流失表土6.61万t;小流域内产生43条侵蚀沟,其长度在140—2 600m之间,平均深度在0.6—2.6m之间,沟壑密度为1.293km/km2。依据侵蚀沟级别划分标准,其中小型侵蚀沟有2条,中型侵蚀沟有6条,大型侵蚀沟有35条。从汤圆小流域自然情况、土地利用类型等入手,对水土流失现状、耕作措施和现有的水土保持防治措施进行深入的调查和勘测,通过咨询当地百姓,与有关部门人员深入探讨,对汤圆小流域综合治理进行研究。最终提出坡耕地面蚀治理采取秸秆还田、深松、垄向区田和施生物菌肥等方法;小型侵蚀沟采用秸秆填沟和柳庄编篱谷坊,中大型侵蚀沟采用柳编沟头防护、干砌石谷坊治理措施。为以后汤圆小流域水土流失治理以及农业可持续发展提供数据支撑。
The area of soil and water loss in Tangyuan small watershed is 2 880.25 hm2, accounting for 79.84% of the total land area. The annual average soil erosion modulus is 2 295t / (km2 · a), belonging to a moderate loss, losing 66,100 tons of topsoil each year. There are 43 erosion ditches with a length of 140-2 600 m, an average depth of 0.6-2.6 m and a gully density of 1.293 km / km2. According to the criteria for dividing the grade of erosion ditch, there are 2 small and medium-sized erosion ditches, 6 medium-size erosion ditches and 35 large-scale erosion ditches. Starting from the natural conditions of Tangyuan small watershed and the types of land use, we conducted an in-depth investigation and investigation of the status quo of soil and water loss, tillage measures and existing prevention and control measures for soil and water conservation. Through consultation with local people and in-depth discussions with officials from related departments, River basin comprehensive management research. Finally, we put forward the methods of soil erosion control on sloping farmland, such as using straw to return to the field, subsoiling and furrowing to the fields and applying bio-fertilizer, etc. The small-scale erosion ditch adopts straw ditch and Liuzhuang hedgerow valley, Protection, dry stone masonry governance measures. It will provide data support for later governance of soil and water loss in Tangyuan small watershed and sustainable development of agriculture.