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违法与过错认定关系密切。德国侵权法规定,违反保护性法律即推定或推论行为人有过错。美国法上行为“本身即侵权”理论则确认,违反保护性法律即被推定有过错,违反非保护性法律被视为存在过错的相关证据。保护性法律的特征体现在个别保护、受保护主体、客体等方面,对其甄别主要依靠法律解释。被违反之法律的特性与过错认定的强度有直接关联。此规则勾连了侵权法与其他部门法,有效地统合了违法与过错,并有利于保护受害人,理应为我国侵权立法所借鉴。
Illegal and fault identified. The German Tort Law stipulates that there is a fault in the presumption or inference of a breaching of protective law. The United States Act on Law “itself is infringement ” theory has confirmed that the violation of protective law is presumed to be a fault, violation of non-protective law is considered as evidence of existence of fault. The characteristics of protective law are reflected in the individual protection, protected subject, object and so on, and its screening mainly depends on legal interpretation. The nature of the law being violated is directly related to the strength of the fault identification. This rule hooks up the law of tort and other departments, effectively combines the law and fault, and helps to protect the victim, which should be borrowed from the legislation of tort in our country.