影像学检查在小儿肺结核的诊断中占重要地位。胸部平片是首选,CT为重要的补充,酌情选择磁共振成像、超声和放射性核素检查。由于侵入人体的结核杆菌数量、毒力和机体免疫力强弱都影响病变的性质和转归,肺结核的病理变化又较复杂,故其影像学表现也变化多端。归纳起来包括肺门和纵隔淋巴结肿大、局灶或弥漫叶段性阴影、淋巴管炎、结核性脓肿和空洞、肺气肿和不张、支气管扩张、粟粒性病变、纵隔脓肿、横隔抬高、支气管-食管瘘、心包积液、胸腔积液、胸壁侵犯、纤维化和钙化、心影缩小等。不少影像学表现是非特异性的,需和其他原因引起的相应的影像学表现相鉴别。 Imaging examination plays an important role in the diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest radiographs are preferred and CT is an important supplement, with magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and radionuclide examination as appropriate. Because of the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis invaded the body, the virulence and immunity of the body affect the nature and outcome of the disease, the pathological changes of tuberculosis is complicated, so the imaging performance is also varied. Induction, including hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, focal or diffuse segmental shadow, lymphangitis, tuberculous abscesses and holes, emphysema and atelectasis, bronchiectasis, miliary lesions, mediastinal abscess, transverse elevation lift High, bronchial - esophageal fistula, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, chest wall invasion, fibrosis and calcification, reduced heart shadow and so on. Many imaging findings are nonspecific and need to be distinguished from the corresponding imaging findings caused by other causes.