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目的探讨优化全胚芽裸燕麦(ONOG)的膳食模式对2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴胆固醇升高患者血脂水平的影响。方法 201名受试者在完成膳食调查(FFQ)之后,随机分为4组,常规对照组(N组)和饮食干预组(A组、B组、C组),N组仅在干预期间给予基本的健康教育;A组在干预期间给予结构性饮食控制;B组和C组除给予结构性饮食控制外,每日分别用50、100 g ONOG替代等量主食。在研究开始及干预1个月后分别测定每一位受试者的空腹血糖(FBG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)等生化指标以及体重、腰臀围等体格指标,并进行自身前后比较和组间比较分析。结果干预1个月后,N组、A组、B组、C组的TC水平均下降(P<0.05),B组、C组LDL-C水平下降(P<0.05)。A、B、C 3组TG水平下降(P<0.05),其中,C组TC、LDL-C、TC/HDL-C和non HDL-C下降水平与A组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且高于B组(P>0.05);B组的TC、TC/HDL-C和non HDL-C下降幅度高于A组(P<0.05);A组TC的下降水平高于N组(P<0.05),TG、LDL-C下降水平高于N组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组的体重和体质指数变化也优于其他各组(P<0.05)。结论添加一定量的ONOG替代等量主食可有效改善T2DM患者的膳食模式,降低其血清胆固醇水平。其中,每天摄入100 g ONOG降脂效果优于每天摄入50 g ONOG。
Objective To investigate the effect of ONOG dietary model on serum lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with elevated cholesterol. Methods Totally 201 subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (N group) and dietary intervention group (group A, B, C) after finishing FFQ. N group was given only during the intervention period Basic health education; Group A was given structured diet control during the intervention; Group B and C were given 50,100 g of ONOG instead of the same amount of staple food daily except for structural diet control. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high Density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and other biochemical indicators, as well as body weight, waist and hip and other physical indicators, and compare their own before and after comparison between groups and analysis. Results After 1 month of intervention, the levels of TC in group N, group A, group B and group C decreased (P <0.05), while those in group B and C decreased (P <0.05). The levels of TC, LDL-C, TC / HDL-C and non-HDL-C in group C were significantly lower than those in group A (P <0.05) (P <0.05), and higher than that in group B (P> 0.05). The decrease of TC, TC / HDL-C and non HDL-C in group B was higher than that in group A (P <0.05), and the levels of TG and LDL-C decreased significantly in group N compared with those in group N (P <0.05). The changes of body weight and body mass index in group C were also better than those in other groups ). Conclusion Adding a certain amount of ONOG instead of the same amount of staple food can effectively improve the dietary patterns of T2DM patients and lower their serum cholesterol levels. Among them, daily intake of 100 g ONOG lipid-lowering effect is better than daily intake of 50 g ONOG.