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Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were modified by nitric acid oxidation. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) demonstrated that hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (-C== O) functional groups were introduced to the surface of modified CNT. Micrometrics ASAP 2000 measurement showed that the surface area of modified CNT was slightly increased. Furthermore, the Pb2+ adsorption behavior on the surface of modified CNT has been investigated. The results indicate that the modified CNT has an exceptional adsorption capability for Pb2+ removal. The adsorption isotherms are well described by the Langmuir equation under test temperatures and the kinetics level is three.