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Background Platinum-based regimens are used as standard first-line chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.To study if pharmacogenetic approach may allow a tailored selection of platinum chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC,we performed a meta-analysis to compare chemosensitivity to platinum with different ERCC1 C118T/MDR1 C3435T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).Methods Relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed,Embase,Cochrane,OVID,Springer,EBSCO and CNKI databases.Inclusion criteria were patients with advanced NSCLC who received platinum-based chemotherapy,an evaluated polymorphism of ERCC/MDR1 and overall response rate.We excluded duplicate publications,letters and review articles.The RevMan 4.2 and STATA 11 package were used to do comprehensive quantitative assessment.Results A total of 11 studies were included in this meta-analysis.For studies evaluating ERCC1 C118T,test for heterogeneity was done (x2=13.41,P=0.1),and the odds ratio (OR) for the wild-type C/C genotype versus the heterozygous C/T and T/T genotypes was 1.50 (95％ CI 1.09-2.06,P=-0.01).In four studies evaluating MDR1 polymorphism,test for heterogeneity was also done (x2=3.22,P=0.36),and the OR for the wild-type C/C genotype versus the heterozygous C/T and T/T genotypes was 2.30 (95％ CI 1.44-3.68,P=0.0005).Conclusions The results indicated that platinum-based chemotherapy sensitivity was significantly associated with polymorphism of ERCC1 C118T and MDR1 C3435T SNP.In further perspective studies,the ERCC1/MDR1 SNPs might serve as simple and less invasive biomarkers for personalized chemotherapy with platinum-based anticancer drugs.