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自上个世纪90年代开始,日本司法改革受到社会各界的普遍关注。2004年5月,日本国会正式公布了新的刑事诉讼法修正案,并制定颁布了多项配套法律,标志着酝酿已久的刑事司法制度改革的重大举措全面出台,进入准备、实施阶段。本文在介绍近年来日本刑事司法的概况、改革的背景、宗旨的基础上,着重介绍2004年日本刑事诉讼法的修改以及日本刑事司法改革的特点。一、日本刑事司法概况及改革的背景(一)概况日本现行刑事司法制度是二战后建立的,其直接的法律依据是在美国法影响下于1948年7月10日由日本国会通过并于1949年1月1日起施行的《刑事诉讼法》。在长达50 年的期间里,该法虽有过几次小的修改,但从没有进行过任
Since the 90s of last century, Japan’s judicial reform has drawn widespread public concern. In May 2004, the Japanese parliament officially announced a new amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law and promulgated a number of complementary laws, marking a long-awaited reform of the criminal justice system, a major move into full swing, ready for implementation. On the basis of introducing the general situation of criminal justice in Japan in recent years, the background and purpose of the reform, this article focuses on the revision of Japan’s Criminal Procedure Law in 2004 and the characteristics of the reform of criminal justice in Japan. I. OVERVIEW OF JAPANESE CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND THE BACKGROUND OF THE REFORM (I) OVERVIEW Japan’s current criminal justice system was established after the Second World War and its immediate legal basis was adopted by the Japanese Diet on July 10, 1948 under the influence of the U.S. law and was promulgated in 1949 The Criminal Procedure Law, which came into force on January 1, During the 50-year period, although there have been a few minor changes in the law, it has never been held