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目的了解佛山市农村生活饮用水卫生状况,为今后改善农村饮用水卫生质量提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法在佛山市4个涉农区选取监测点。分别在枯水期和丰水期对集中式、分散式供水进行采样,对色度等水质指标进行检测,并采用统一的调查表对全部农村生活饮用水基本情况进行调查。结果 2011—2015年全市4个涉农区疾控中心共检测农村饮用水水样1 278份,合格941份,总体合格率为73.63%,各年合格率分别为67.47%(251/372)、55.87%(200/358)、78.21%(122/156)、95.06%(154/162)、93.04%(214/230),5年间合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。出厂水和末梢水、枯水期和丰水期水样合格率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。经消毒的水样的水质合格率为94.34%(834/884),无消毒的水样水质合格率为27.16%(107/394);合格率较低的前3项单项指标依次为:菌落总数(83.57%,1 068/1 278)、总大肠菌群(85.99%,1 099/1 278)、耐热大肠菌群(87.09%,1 113/1 278)。结论佛山市农村生活饮用水水质合格率不高,尤其是微生物指标合格率较低,是当前佛山市农饮水亟需解决的主要卫生问题。
Objective To understand the health status of rural drinking water in Foshan and to provide a scientific basis for improving the hygiene quality of rural drinking water in the future. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select monitoring points in 4 agro-related areas in Foshan City. The centralized and decentralized water supply was sampled during the dry and wet periods respectively, and the water quality indexes such as colorimetric were tested. A unified survey was also conducted to investigate the basic situation of all rural drinking water. Results From 2011 to 2015, a total of 1 278 samples of drinking water in rural areas were detected in 4 agricultural CDCs in the city, with a total passing rate of 941 and a passing rate of 73.63%. The passing rates in each year were 67.47% (251/372) The difference of the qualified rates in 5 years was statistically significant (P <0.01) .5. 87% (200/358), 78.21% (122/156), 95.06% (154/162), 93.04% (214/230). There was no significant difference in the qualified rate of water samples between the factory water and the terminal water in dry season and wet season (all P> 0.05). The qualified rate of water quality of disinfected water sample was 94.34% (834/884), the qualified rate of non-sterilized water sample was 27.16% (107/394); the first three single items with low pass rate were: total number of colonies (83.57%, 1 068/1 278), total coliforms (85.99%, 1 099/1 278), heat-resistant coliforms (87.09%, 1 113/1 278). Conclusion The passing rate of rural drinking water in Foshan City is not high, especially the low passing rate of microbial indicators is the major health problem urgently needed to be solved in Foshan.