本文采用美国心理分析学家埃里克森的同一性理论来分析沈从文和他的湘西小说。沈从文在婴儿期养成的心理状态为基本信任感压倒了基本不信任感,形成了对乡下人的幼稚的自居认同。在心理社会的合法延缓期中间,从军可以看作他进行的角色实验。为了确定自己的存在价值和社会角色,他来到了北京,但遭到了一系列的打击,使他心理社会的生命周期退回到了他婴儿期的心理状态。恢复了儿童期的蒙昧视角,形成了他在创作中表现的对湘西乡下人的信任、自居认同及对都市的不信任的疏离和肆意地抨击。通过写作,沈从文确立了自己的另一个身份———都市作家,这也使他意识到:是都市作家而不是乡下人使他在都市中获得了成功。他情感的天平逐渐向都市作家倾斜,而倾斜的最终结果则是都市作家打倒了乡下人,从而使他的创作也走向了终结 This article uses American psychoanalyst Eriksson’s identity theory to analyze Shen Congwen and his Xiangxi novels. Shen Congwen’s psychological state formed in infancy has overwhelmed the basic sense of trust and formed a naive self-identification with the country people. During the legal delay in psychosocial society, the army can be regarded as the role experiment he conducted. In order to determine his own existence value and social role, he came to Beijing, but was hit by a series of blows, so that his psychosocial life cycle returned to his infancy psychology. He restored the ignorance of childhood and formed the alienation and wanton criticism of his trust in the Xiangxi countryside, his identity and the mistrust of the city. Through his writing, Shen Congwen established himself as another urban writer, which also made him realize that being an urban writer and not a countryman enabled him to succeed in the city. His balance of emotions gradually inclined to urban writers, and the ultimate result of tilt was that urban writers overthrow the rural people, so that his creation also came to an end