静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE)包括深静脉血栓形成(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)和肺动脉栓塞(pul-monary embolism,PE)两种主要疾病。PE栓子大多来源于下肢DVT。西方人群DVT和PE发生率约为1‰和0.5‰[1],美国每年至少有20万新发VTE患者,发展中国家每年约有3～6 Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes two major diseases, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). PE emboli mostly come from lower extremity DVT. The incidence of DVT and PE in Western populations is about 1 ‰ and 0.5 ‰ [1]. In the United States, there are at least 200,000 newly diagnosed VTE patients each year, and in developing countries about 3 to 6