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目的了解国际航行船舶海员抑郁症状的现状及其主要影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法,选取2012年4—12月停靠在江苏省南通和如皋口岸的国际航行船舶上及在南通国际旅行卫生保健中心接受出入境体检和预防接种的719名中国籍海员进行问卷调查。结果海员中354人(49.24%)无抑郁,167人(23.23%)轻度抑郁症状,186人(25.87%)中度抑郁症状,12人(1.67%)重度抑郁症状。单因素结果显示,海员年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、海龄、职业、家庭所在地、喝酒频率、睡眠时间、业余活动及每周业余活动时间、慢性病史、健康状况自评、担忧天气变化、船舶安全、工作压力、港口国检查对海员的抑郁症状的发生有影响(P<0.05)。多因素结果显示,海员文化程度为大专(OR=0.482)和本科及以上(OR=0.396)、睡眠时间8~9 h(OR=0.50)和≥10 h(OR=0.193)是抑郁症状的保护因素;每周业余活动时间仅8~14 h(OR=2.846)和≤7 h(OR=1.393)、健康状况自评一般(OR=2.642)和差(OR=3.477)是抑郁症状的危险因素。结论国际航行船舶海员抑郁现象问题严重,文化程度、睡眠时间、每周业余活动时间、健康状况自评是海员抑郁症状发生的主要影响因素。
Objective To understand the current status and main influencing factors of depression among seafarers in international voyages. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 719 Chinese seafarers who took physical examination and vaccination at Nantong International Travel Healthcare Center between April and December 2012 on international voyages at Nantong and Rugao ports in Jiangsu Province. Questionnaire. Results There were no depression in 354 seafarers (49.24%), mild depressive symptoms in 167 (23.23%), moderate depressive symptoms in 186 (25.87%) and severe depressive symptoms in 12 (1.67%). Univariate results showed that seafarers’ age, education level, marital status, sea age, occupation, home location, drinking frequency, sleeping time, amateur activities and weekly amateur activities, chronic medical history, Safety, working pressure, port state inspection had an impact on the occurrence of depressive symptoms of seafarers (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the educational level of seafarers was higher (OR = 0.482), undergraduate (OR = 0.396), sleep time 8-9 h (OR = 0.50) and ≥10 h (OR = 0.193) (OR = 2.642) and poor (OR = 3.477) were the risk factors for depressive symptoms. The average daily physical activity time was 8 ~ 14 h (OR = 2.846) and ≤7 h . Conclusions There is a serious problem of depression among seafarers in international voyages. Degree of education, sleeping time, weekly leisure time and self-rating of health status are the main influencing factors of depressive symptoms of seafarers.