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根据1957—2012年全国608个气象站的逐日气象资料,利用Penman-Monteith公式计算作物潜在蒸散量,对全国及水资源一级分区潜在蒸散量时空分布特征、变化趋势进行分析;基于Arc GIS及SPSS软件,采用主成分分析方法,对潜在作物蒸散量的影响因子及其分布特征进行探讨。结果表明:近56 a来,全国年潜在蒸散量在616~2 128 mm之间,河西走廊、南部岭南地区、海南岛以及华南沿海作物潜在蒸散量较大,而在黑龙江一带、四川盆地及西南地区东部,潜在蒸发量较小。各分区年均潜在蒸发量均呈现减少趋势,西北诸河区倾向率最大,为-12.22 mm/10 a;影响潜在蒸散量的因子中,第1主成分为热力学因子,第2主成分为水分因子和辐射因子,第3主成分为地理因子和空气动力学因子,第4主成分为高程因子。
According to the daily meteorological data of 608 weather stations in China from 1957 to 2012, the Penman-Monteith formula was used to calculate the potential evapotranspiration of crops and to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and trends of potential evapotranspiration in the first grade of the whole country and water resources. Based on ArcGIS and SPSS software, the principal component analysis method, the impact of potential crop evapotranspiration and its distribution characteristics are discussed. The results show that the potential evapotranspiration is between 616 and 2 128 mm in the past 56 years, and the potential evapotranspiration is higher in Hexi Corridor, southern Lingnan, Hainan and coastal areas in South China. However, in the Heilongjiang area, the Sichuan Basin and the southwest Eastern region, the potential evaporation is smaller. The annual average potential evaporation of all sub-regions showed a decreasing tendency, and the highest tendency rate was -12.22 mm / 10 a in all regions of Northwest China. Of the factors affecting potential evapotranspiration, the first principal component was thermodynamic factor, the second principal component was moisture Factor and radiation factor, the third main component of geographical factors and aerodynamic factors, the fourth main component of the elevation factor.