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过度使用化石能源致使过量排放以CO_2为主的温室气体,并增强全球气候变暖的趋势。碳封存是有效缓解大气中CO_2浓度激增的重要手段。海洋碳封存是一种新兴的碳减排理念,其封存主体是海洋水柱和海底沉积物,它们不但封存潜力巨大,而且与陆地碳封存相比安全性更高。阐述了海洋碳封存的技术原理与封存机制、海洋碳封存的潜力与封存时间、影响海洋碳封存的主要因素、海上CO_2注入技术、CO_2泄漏对海洋生物的影响以及CO_2泄漏的监测技术等,并对未来海洋碳封存的发展前景进行了展望,指出了未来海洋碳封存技术的主要研究热点。
Excessive use of fossil fuels leads to excessive emissions of CO 2 -based greenhouse gases and increases the global warming trend. Carbon sequestration is an effective means of mitigating atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Marine carbon sequestration is a new concept of carbon emission reduction. Its main storage entities are ocean water column and seabed sediment. They not only have great potential for sequestration, but also have higher safety than terrestrial carbon sequestration. The technical principle and sealing mechanism of marine carbon sequestration, the potential and storage time of marine carbon sequestration, the main factors influencing marine carbon sequestration, the CO 2 injection technology at sea, the influence of CO 2 leakage on marine organisms and the monitoring technology of CO 2 leakage are described The prospect of the future development of marine carbon sequestration is prospected, and the main research hotspot of the future marine carbon sequestration technology is pointed out.