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目的:探讨农村地区儿童发生意外中毒的危险因素,为儿童意外中毒的预防和干预提供科学依据。方法:采用1∶1匹配的病例对照研究方法,对广西贵港市237例因意外中毒而住院或急诊的1～14岁农村儿童和居住于同一地区、性别、年龄匹配的237例对照儿童进行问卷调查。采用单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归模型分析危险因素。结果:单因素条件Logistic回归分析发现父母非第一监护人、母亲低学历、常外出玩耍、经常吃零食、经常吮手、随意放置鼠药或农药、监护频率高、学校有健康教育课程、知晓中毒预防知识、教育儿童卫生饮食10个因素与发生意外中毒有关。多因素条件Logistic回归分析发现母亲低学历(OR=2.134,P=0.003)、父母非第一监护人(OR=3.219,P=0.000)、常外出玩耍(OR=2.172,P=0.000)、经常吮手(OR=2.367,P=0.001)、随意放置鼠药或农药(OR=2.184,P=0.007)5个因素是危险因素;监护频率高(OR=0.570,P=0.007)、学校有健康教育课程(OR=0.327,P=0.011)、知晓中毒预防知识(OR=0.247,P=0.000)3个因素是保护因素。结论:农村地区儿童意外中毒的发生与健康教育、家庭因素、儿童监护、儿童自身危险行为、毒物管理等因素有关。应针对儿童中毒的危险因素制定综合的预防干预措施。
Objective: To explore the risk factors of accidental poisoning in children in rural areas and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of accidental poisoning in children. Methods: A 1: 1 matching case-control study was conducted in 237 Guigang, Gui Gang, Guangdong Province hospitalized or emergency accidental hospitalized children aged 1 to 14 years and living in the same area, gender, age-matched control subjects 237 children survey. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression models were used to analyze risk factors. Results: In the univariate conditional Logistic regression analysis, the parents who were not the first guardian had low education, were often out for play, often had snacks, often suck their hands, randomly placed rats or pesticides, had high frequency of guardianship, had health education courses in schools and were aware of poisoning Preventive knowledge, education, child health and diet 10 factors related to accidental poisoning. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maternal hyposmia (OR = 2.134, P = 0.003), parents who were not the first guardian (OR = 3.219, P = 0.000) (OR = 2.367, P = 0.001). There were 5 risk factors of random placement of rat or pesticide (OR = 2.184, P = 0.007) Courses (OR = 0.327, P = 0.011), knowledge of prevention of poisoning (OR = 0.247, P = 0.000) three factors are protective factors. Conclusion: The accidental poisoning of children in rural areas is related to health education, family factors, guardianship of children, their own risk behaviors and poison management. Comprehensive prevention interventions should be targeted at risk factors for childhood poisoning.