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我国是一个水资源短缺的国家,且结构型缺水、资源型缺水、水质型缺水同时存在。从结构上,水源时空分布极不平衡,全国80%的水资源分布在占国土总面积36%的南方地区,20%的水资源则分布在占国土面积64%的北方地区。由于受季风气候影响降水过分集中,全国大部分地区每年汛期(6至9月)降水量占全年的60%至80%。从资源上,人均水量不及世界平均水平的1/4。从水质上,主要河流中Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类水只占60%,Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类、Ⅵ劣类水占到40%。
Our country is a country with a shortage of water resources, and there is a combination of structural water shortage, resource-based water shortage and water quality shortage. From the perspective of structure, water and water have very uneven distribution in time and space. 80% of the country's water resources are distributed in the southern part of the country, accounting for 36% of the total land area while 20% of the water resources are distributed in the northern part of China, accounting for 64% of the land area. Due to the excessive concentration of precipitation due to the monsoon climate, annual precipitation (June to September) in most parts of the country accounts for 60% to 80% of the annual rainfall. From resources, the per capita water consumption is less than 1/4 of the world average. In terms of water quality, only 60% of Grade I, Grade II and Grade III water are contained in the major rivers, and Grade IV, Grade V and Grade VI bad water accounts for 40%.