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纵观近几年全国各地的英语中考试题,主谓一致颇受命题人的青睐。所谓主谓一致,即英语句子的谓语在人称和数方面必须与主语保持一致。主谓一致主要出现在单项选择题、完形填空题及短文改错等题型里。欲解答此类试题,必须掌握主谓一致的三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
语法一致原则
1. 在连词and或both…and…连接的并列主语后面,谓语动词用复数。例如:
This is my twin sister Lucy. Both she and I ____ good at drawing. (08重庆)
A. am B. is C. are D. be
2. 不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Listen! Someone ____ outside. (06重庆)
A. sing B. sings
C. is singing D. are singing
3. 主语后面有with, together with, along with, except, but, as well as等连接的短语时,谓语动词的人称和数仍与原来的主语保持一致,不受后面短语的影响。
Dinna, together with her friends, ____ Chinese in China. (09天津)
A. study B. have studied
C. studies D. are studying
4. 非谓语动词(动词-ing, 不定式)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Talking loudly on the mobile phone ____ impolite. (07内江)
A. are B. seem C. is
5. each 用作代词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each作同位语时不影响谓语动词的数。
Since last term, each of them ____ an English-Chinese dictionary. (05宜昌)
A. had B. has
C. has had D. have had
6. 以pants (trousers), shoes, jeans, socks, glasses等词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但当它们前面有a (this) pair of 修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。
This pair of jeans ____ Tina’s. (06呼和浩特)
A. are B. be C. is D. will be
7. the number of 作主语,谓语动词用单数,a number of 作主语,谓语动词用复数。
——A number of students ____ in the dinning hall.
——Let me count. The number of the students ____ about 400. (08鹤岗)
A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are
意义一致原则
1. 以maths, physics, news, politics等看似复数实则单数的词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
The news ____ very interesting!Tell me more! (09河南)
A. is B. are C. were D. was
2. 表示金钱、价格、时间、度量等的词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
How time flies!Three years ____ really a short time. (06滨州)
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3. 集体名词family, class, team, group, army等作主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数;如果表示集体中的成员,谓语动词则用复数。
In the coming summer holidays, my family ____ going to take a one-week trip to Qingdao.(07济宁)
A. is B. are C. were D. was
4. people“人们”, police“警察”总是表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数。
Good news! There ____ fewer people catching this kind of illness now. (09陕西)
A. are B. is C. were D. was
5. 由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher and writer ____ coming to give us a talk next week.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
6. “the+姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”,当其在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The Chengs ____ here for years. (2001深圳)
A. is living B. have lived
C. has lived D. lives
7. 分数或百分数等作主语时,谓语动词要与它们所指代的名词的数一致。
____ of the money ____ been spent recycling the rubbish. (08包头)
A. Three fourths; has B. Three fourths; have
C. Three fourth; has D. Three fourth; have
就近原则
1. either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的数应与后一个成分保持一致。
——Hello, Mike. Long time no see. Where are you?
——Oh, not only my parents but also I ____ Wuhan for a month. (09黄冈)
A. have gone to B. have been to
C. has been in D. have been in
Neither Jim nor his cousins ____ to America, but ____ of them know the country very well.
(07潍坊)
A. have been; all B. have been; both
C. has been; all D. has been; both
2.在there be 结构中,如果be动词后有两个或两个以上的并列成分,谓语动词与靠近be的那个成分保持数的一致。
There ____ some milk, two eggs and a few cakes on the table.(09宁波)
A. is B. are C. has D. have
There ____ a book, two rulers and four pens on the desk. (09天水)
A. are B. is C. be D. am
语法一致原则
1. 在连词and或both…and…连接的并列主语后面,谓语动词用复数。例如:
This is my twin sister Lucy. Both she and I ____ good at drawing. (08重庆)
A. am B. is C. are D. be
2. 不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Listen! Someone ____ outside. (06重庆)
A. sing B. sings
C. is singing D. are singing
3. 主语后面有with, together with, along with, except, but, as well as等连接的短语时,谓语动词的人称和数仍与原来的主语保持一致,不受后面短语的影响。
Dinna, together with her friends, ____ Chinese in China. (09天津)
A. study B. have studied
C. studies D. are studying
4. 非谓语动词(动词-ing, 不定式)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Talking loudly on the mobile phone ____ impolite. (07内江)
A. are B. seem C. is
5. each 用作代词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each作同位语时不影响谓语动词的数。
Since last term, each of them ____ an English-Chinese dictionary. (05宜昌)
A. had B. has
C. has had D. have had
6. 以pants (trousers), shoes, jeans, socks, glasses等词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但当它们前面有a (this) pair of 修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。
This pair of jeans ____ Tina’s. (06呼和浩特)
A. are B. be C. is D. will be
7. the number of 作主语,谓语动词用单数,a number of 作主语,谓语动词用复数。
——A number of students ____ in the dinning hall.
——Let me count. The number of the students ____ about 400. (08鹤岗)
A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are
意义一致原则
1. 以maths, physics, news, politics等看似复数实则单数的词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
The news ____ very interesting!Tell me more! (09河南)
A. is B. are C. were D. was
2. 表示金钱、价格、时间、度量等的词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
How time flies!Three years ____ really a short time. (06滨州)
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3. 集体名词family, class, team, group, army等作主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数;如果表示集体中的成员,谓语动词则用复数。
In the coming summer holidays, my family ____ going to take a one-week trip to Qingdao.(07济宁)
A. is B. are C. were D. was
4. people“人们”, police“警察”总是表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数。
Good news! There ____ fewer people catching this kind of illness now. (09陕西)
A. are B. is C. were D. was
5. 由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher and writer ____ coming to give us a talk next week.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
6. “the+姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”,当其在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The Chengs ____ here for years. (2001深圳)
A. is living B. have lived
C. has lived D. lives
7. 分数或百分数等作主语时,谓语动词要与它们所指代的名词的数一致。
____ of the money ____ been spent recycling the rubbish. (08包头)
A. Three fourths; has B. Three fourths; have
C. Three fourth; has D. Three fourth; have
就近原则
1. either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的数应与后一个成分保持一致。
——Hello, Mike. Long time no see. Where are you?
——Oh, not only my parents but also I ____ Wuhan for a month. (09黄冈)
A. have gone to B. have been to
C. has been in D. have been in
Neither Jim nor his cousins ____ to America, but ____ of them know the country very well.
(07潍坊)
A. have been; all B. have been; both
C. has been; all D. has been; both
2.在there be 结构中,如果be动词后有两个或两个以上的并列成分,谓语动词与靠近be的那个成分保持数的一致。
There ____ some milk, two eggs and a few cakes on the table.(09宁波)
A. is B. are C. has D. have
There ____ a book, two rulers and four pens on the desk. (09天水)
A. are B. is C. be D. am